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Vertical ridges, also known as bands or stripes, extend from the base of the nail to the tip. They are commonly observed in older adults, likely due to slow cellular turnover, which results in the production of new skin cells beneath the surface to replace dead cells.
However, if other symptoms appear, such as changes in nail texture, it could be linked to a disease. In the case of trachyonychia, a condition affecting all twenty nails, the edges may become shiny or brittle.
Iron-deficiency anemia can also cause vertical ridges, as well as nails that are spoon-shaped or concave.
Deep horizontal grooves, known as Beau’s lines, can be a sign of serious health issues. These lines can even halt nail growth until the underlying illness is treated.
Beau’s lines may also be associated with acute kidney failure.
A 2023 review of research indicates that the most common cause of Beau’s lines is medications, particularly those used in chemotherapy. Other possible causes include:
ā Non-autoimmune diseases such as mumps, parathyroid gland disorders, uncontrolled diabetes, syphilis, respiratory infections, diseases causing prolonged fever, zinc deficiency, injuries, and infections.
Nail injuries may cause red or brown spots beneath the nails.
If dark brown, black, or red spots appear under the nails without any injury, it could signal a more serious health condition, such as endocarditis or melanoma.
Problem Diagnosis
The doctor should perform an examination of the changes observed in the nails. If a nail was damaged due to an injury, it is recommended to wait a few weeks to see how the nail and finger heal before deciding to consult.
However, if the injury causes:
ā A clean or irregular tear in the nail,
ā A broken nail,
ā A nail torn off,
ā Bleeding beneath the nail,
it is important to consult a doctor immediately.
If changes occur in the nails without any injury, it is also recommended to consult a healthcare professional. During the visit, the doctor will examine your nails and ask about any other possible symptoms. A urine and blood test may be prescribed if kidney disease, diabetes, or nutritional deficiencies are suspected.
If the ridges are due to a skin condition, a dermatologist can offer an appropriate treatment. If the cause of the changes is unclear, the dermatologist may take nail samples and send them for laboratory testing to check for infection.
How to Treat Ridges
Since ridges may indicate an underlying health issue, treatment usually focuses on addressing that cause. For example, if Beau’s lines are caused by diabetes, better control of blood sugar may reduce these horizontal ridges. Treating skin conditions such as eczema may include creams or ointments to relieve symptoms. In the case of vitamin or mineral deficiencies, a change in diet or taking supplements to improve their levels may be recommended. It is important to consult a dermatologist to ensure that these treatments do not harm your nails. You can find a local dermatologist using Healthline’s FindCare tool.
What Do Ridges on Nails Mean?
Ridges on nails are generally harmless, but they can have various meanings. Vertical ridges are often associated with aging, while horizontal ridges may indicate issues such as malnutrition, severe nail injuries, or Beau’s lines.
What Causes Ridges on Nails?
According to a 2022 study, ridges are primarily linked to aging. However, they can also result from neglect in nail care, injuries, vitamin deficiencies, or serious diseases.
Can Nutritional Deficiencies Cause Ridges on Nails?
Certain nutritional deficiencies can affect nails. For example, a deficiency in iron can cause vertical ridges. Other nutrients that influence nail health include zinc and vitamins A, C, and D.
A 2018 study also recommends biotin to improve nail health, but further research is needed to assess its benefits.
How to Get Rid of Ridges on Nails: 7 Helpful Tips
Some dermatologists recommend gently filing nails to smooth irregularities. However, it is better to moisturize your nails, trim them regularly, and consult a dermatologist for further recommendations.
Outlook for People with Ridges on Nails
In most cases, irregularities on nails are related to the normal aging process. However, it is crucial to monitor the appearance of ridges and other changes, as they may be early signs of more serious health issues.
